Article by
Emmanuel Joseph
Source ; Barbados Today
The region’s main public health agency has put residents of Barbados and other Caribbean states on alert for two new highly-contagious COVID-19 variants and the re-emergence of polio in the Americas.
The Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA) also predicted that the BA.5 variant will cause a massive increase in COVID-19 cases across the region.
In an interview with CARPHA’s Communications Manager Carlon Kirton, following the World Health Organisation’s recent declaration of Monkeypox as a public health emergency of international concern, the agency’s Executive Director Dr. Joy St John expressed grave concern about these developments. She cautioned that the situation could worsen because of vaccine hesitancy and an anti-vax campaign being waged in and outside of the region.
Dr. St John said CARPHA has expanded its range of tests and increased testing for the sub-variant of the Omicron variant.
“It’s mainly BA.5, some BA.4. BA.5 is pushing everything else. But we are also seeing BE.1 and BF.1, which act just like BA.5 and spread very quickly,” she reported.
“We will continue to monitor what’s out there in the world, what’s of concern in terms of global transmission so that we would be able to keep on top of the detection tests like what we are doing for Monkeypox and the gene sequencing like what we are doing for COVID-19.”
The public health executive singled out the BA.5 sub-variant, cautioning that it is expected to be responsible for a jump in COVID-19 infections in the Caribbean.
“The need for PCR tests has reduced considerably as we have gone into this new phase of the pandemic. However, the need for gene sequencing has not. The [CARPHA] member states still want to know about gene sequencing because they need to keep on top of what is circulating and how they need to change management.
“For example, now that we have BA.5 circulating, the member states are aware they are going to get lots and lots and lots of cases. There may not be that many that are severe, and there may not be that many that go on to death, but they know there is going to be an increase in cases, so they are on the alert for that,” she said.
Meantime, the CARPHA boss cautioned that the disabling disease polio, which had been eliminated from the Americas more than 30 years ago, could resurface in the Caribbean.
The first case in this hemisphere in the last three decades was reported on July 21 in a young unvaccinated man in New York City. Health officials said he was infected by a strain related to the live oral polio vaccine, which is used in some parts of the world but has not been used in the US since 2000.
“I must confess that although polio has not been declared a public health emergency of international concern, because we are only looking at one case, it is a cause for concern for CARPHA,” Dr St John said.
“First of all, this region of the Americas eradicated polio decades ago. So, for us to see a new case, even though it is one, is of concern to me.”
She said this was particularly worrying because of an anti-vax campaign that surfaced during the COVID-19 pandemic and was affecting other immunisation efforts.
“Apart from the fact that there was an anti-vax sentiment outside of the Caribbean before COVID-19, since COVID-19 there has been an increase in anti-vaccination sentiments. Vaccine hesitancy is something that we are dealing with even for the pandemic. And so, our percentage coverage of immunization for polio and other vaccine-preventable diseases has not been as good as it should be,” the senior public health official said.
Addressing the fallout from the anti-vax movement, she said it has dealt a devastating blow to the region’s vaccine uptake efforts.
“Vaccine hesitancy, anti-vax sentiment, and a serious campaign which is being waged through social media has definitely impacted the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines and has already started to impact the usual vaccination programs,” Dr. St John said.
“There are stories of persons who not only said they were not getting the COVID-19 vaccines, but they stopped their children from getting it and they stopped their elderly relatives, so it is very disturbing from that perspective. But once that kind of sentiment raises itself, it is going to impact on regular vaccination programs,” she maintained.
Meantime, addressing the Monkeypox virus, the top CARPHA official noted that people are now presenting with new symptoms.
“The way in which this Monkeypox infection is showing up is different. People are speaking about really severe lesions in strange places. People are talking about the swelling of lymph nodes so that they protrude through the skin, even two inches out from where they normally would be. There are even reports of people who could not walk because their lymph nodes were so inflamed. So the way in which Monkeypox in this outbreak in non-endemic countries is exhibiting means people need to pay attention and people need to ensure they are not infected, because they are people who are infected and they are traveling,” Dr. St John pointed out.
She added that while there is a vaccination for Monkeypox, it may be out of the reach of small developing countries such as Barbados, not only because the cost is prohibitive but also because it is in short supply.